In this Article, we will guide you to Phu Quoc, historically known as Koh Tral, appears in Khmer documents from 1615. From 1680, it belonged to Mạc Cửu’s Hà Tiên principality, later coming under Vietnamese Nguyễn rule en.wikipedia.org. During French colonial rule it was administered with Cochinchina. Notably, during the Vietnam War, Phu Quoc Prison (An Thời POW Camp) held thousands of detainees. Today, its rich history is showcased at Phu Quoc Prison Museum, Coi Nguon Museum, and ancestral pagodas. Here are Phu Quoc Island Travel Guide – History, Attractions & FAQs.

History of Phu Quoc

Phu Quoc Island, located in the Gulf of Thailand off the southwestern coast of Vietnam, boasts a rich and complex history that spans several centuries, shaped by indigenous communities, colonial powers, and political struggles. Known as the “Pearl Island,” Phu Quoc’s past adds depth to its natural beauty, offering travelers more than just sun and sand.

🔹 Early Settlements and Khmer Influence (Pre-17th Century)

Archaeological evidence suggests that Phu Quoc was inhabited as far back as the 1st century CE, primarily by indigenous fishermen and traders. The island’s strategic location made it a hub for maritime commerce, with influences from Indianized Southeast Asian cultures.

For centuries, Phu Quoc (then known as Koh Tral) was under the cultural and territorial influence of the Khmer Empire, based in present-day Cambodia. Khmer inscriptions and historical texts reference the island, and many local legends still reflect Khmer heritage.

🔹 Arrival of the Vietnamese and Mạc Cửu Dynasty (Late 17th Century)

In the late 1600s, Mạc Cửu, a Chinese merchant and explorer, established the Hà Tiên principality on the Mekong Delta coast. Although initially under Chinese allegiance, he later pledged loyalty to the Nguyễn Lords of Vietnam. During this time, Phu Quoc gradually came under Vietnamese control.

In 1708, Mạc Cửu officially offered his territory, including Phu Quoc, to the Nguyễn dynasty. This marked the beginning of Phu Quoc’s transition from Khmer to Vietnamese rule, although the island continued to be a point of contention.

🔹 French Colonial Era (1862–1954)

Vietnam, including Phu Quoc, came under French colonial rule in the mid-19th century as part of French Indochina. Phu Quoc was integrated into the colonial administrative structure and saw modest development under the French, primarily focused on rubber, pepper, and coconut farming.

It was during this time that infrastructure like lighthouses, roads, and prisons began to appear. The island was used as a penal colony, foreshadowing its grim role during future conflicts.

🔹 Vietnam War and the Phu Quoc Prison (1955–1975)

One of the most notable chapters in Phu Quoc’s history occurred during the Vietnam War. The island became home to the Phu Quoc Prison, also known as the Coconut Tree Prison (Nhà tù Cây Dừa), built by the French and later expanded by South Vietnam and the United States.

From 1967 to 1973, the prison housed more than 40,000 North Vietnamese soldiers and Viet Cong members. Known for harsh conditions and torture, the prison became a symbol of wartime atrocities. Today, it is preserved as the Phu Quoc Prison Museum, serving as a historical and memorial site.

🔹 Post-War Rebuilding and the Cambodia-Vietnam Conflict (1975–1990)

Following Vietnam’s reunification in 1975, Phu Quoc remained under Vietnamese control. However, its proximity to Cambodia led to border disputes. In 1979, during the Cambodia-Vietnam War, tensions peaked when Khmer Rouge forces briefly occupied parts of the island, claiming historical rights over it.

Vietnam successfully repelled the invasion and has since maintained sovereignty over Phu Quoc, although Cambodia still occasionally references its historical claim.

🔹 Modern Era and Economic Transformation (1990–Present)

With Vietnam’s economic reforms (Đổi Mới) starting in the late 1980s, Phu Quoc began transforming from a quiet island to a major economic and tourist zone.

In the early 2000s, the Vietnamese government launched large-scale investment programs, declaring Phu Quoc a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Major infrastructure projects followed:

• Phu Quoc International Airport opened in 2012

• Resort towns, casinos, and international hotel chains developed rapidly

• Cable car systems and amusement parks like VinWonders and Sun World attracted global visitors

In 2021, Vietnam announced its intention to convert Phu Quoc into a smart city and international tourism center, often dubbed the “next Phuket” or “Asian Maldives.”

Major Attractions & Places to See- phu quoc attractions

Bai Sao (Sao Beach) – The Crown Jewel of Phu Quoc

Bai Sao, often called Sao Beach, is one of the most iconic beaches on Phu Quoc Island. Famous for its powdery white sand, clear turquoise water, and palm-lined shores, this beach offers a postcard-perfect setting. The calm sea here is ideal for swimming, paddleboarding, and kayaking. Beach loungers and seafood shacks line the coast, making it the perfect spot for a relaxing day.

Long Beach (Truong Beach) – The Sunset Capital

Stretching over 20 kilometers along the island’s western coast, Long Beach (Bai Truong) is the longest and most popular beach on Phu Quoc. It’s home to numerous beachfront resorts, lively beach bars, and restaurants. It’s also the best place to witness Phu Quoc’s breathtaking sunsets, which paint the sky in hues of orange and pink.

Ong Lang & Ganh Dau Beaches – Tranquil Escapes

Located in the northwestern part of the island, Ong Lang Beach and Ganh Dau Beach offer a quieter alternative to the more commercialized beaches. They’re perfect for travelers looking for peace, tranquility, and nature. Ganh Dau also offers stunning views of Cambodia across the water.

Starfish Beach & An Thoi Archipelago – Snorkeling Paradise

Starfish Beach (Rach Vem) is a hidden gem in the north of Phu Quoc, known for its abundance of bright red starfish in shallow waters. Meanwhile, the An Thoi Archipelago in the south is a cluster of islets famous for crystal-clear waters, coral reefs, and snorkeling tours. Boat tours and island hopping excursions here are must-dos.

Phu Quoc Prison Museum – A Glimpse into History

Once a prisoner-of-war camp during the Vietnam War, the Phu Quoc Prison Museum (also called Coconut Tree Prison) is now a sobering memorial. It showcases brutal conditions through preserved prison cells, mannequins, and interpretive displays. It offers insight into Vietnam’s painful past and resilience.

Coi Nguon Museum & Sung Hung Pagoda – Culture & Spirituality

The Coi Nguon Museum is a privately run museum that chronicles Phu Quoc’s history, flora, fauna, and traditions. Just a short drive away, Sung Hung Pagoda is the island’s oldest Buddhist temple, offering serenity and ornate architecture. Both are ideal for cultural and spiritual immersion.

Ham Ninh Fishing Village – A Taste of Traditional Life

Located on the east coast, Ham Ninh Fishing Village offers a glimpse into the local way of life. This centuries-old village is known for its stilt houses, fresh seafood, and mountain backdrop. Don’t miss trying the blue crab or snapping photos on the wooden pier during sunrise.

Phu Quoc National Park – Jungle Adventures Await

Covering more than 50% of the island, Phu Quoc National Park is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Hike through tropical rainforests, discover rare orchids and animals, and enjoy panoramic views from Mount Chua. It’s perfect for nature lovers, bird watchers, and adventure seekers.

Tranh & Da Ban Streams & Waterfalls – Freshwater Escapes

Escape the heat at Suoi Tranh (Tranh Stream) and Da Ban Stream, both offering cool, shaded walking trails and natural pools. Visit during the rainy season (June–October) when the streams flow strongest. It’s a great family-friendly and budget-friendly outdoor activity.

Vinpearl Safari, VinWonders & Grand World – Family-Friendly Entertainment

Vinpearl Safari is Vietnam’s largest wildlife conservation park, home to over 150 species. VinWonders Phu Quoc is a massive theme park with water rides, roller coasters, and shows. Nearby, Grand World Phu Quoc offers a “sleepless city” with Venetian-style canals, night markets, and nightlife.

Things to Do in Phu Quoc- phu quoc attractions

• Island Hopping & Snorkeling: Visit Hon Thom, Hon Mot, May

• Fishing Village Tour: Immerse in early morning catch with local fishermen

• Night Market Crawl: Dine on street seafood at Duong Dong Night Market

• Pepper Farm & Fish Sauce Factory Visit: Taste iconic Phu Quoc products, like fish sauce with EU PDO status

• Cable Car Ride: Experience Asia’s longest non-stop cable ride to Hon Thom

• Safari & Aquarium Visits: Interaction with wildlife at Vinpearl attractions

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⛱️ Best Time to Visit- phu quoc travel guide

• Dry season (Nov–Apr): Sunny, 25–30 °C, calm seas perfect for beaches & snorkeling – best time

• Shoulder months (Oct, May): Fewer tourists + good weather

• Wet season (May–Oct): Lower costs, short showers, lush scenery

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✅ Do’s & ❌ Don’ts- phu quoc